Mahima Chaudhary | Updated: Feb 13, 2023 19:04 IST
Who is the Father of Geography?Eratosthenes is considered the “Father of Geography.” He was a Greek mathematician, geographer, and astronomer who lived in the 3rd century BCE. He was the chief librarian at the Library of Alexandria and made several important contributions to the fields of geography and cartography. He was the first to coin the phrase “geography,” and he also had a detailed understanding of the planet, which helped him determine the circumference of the globe.
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Eratosthenes was a Greek mathematician, geographer, and astronomer who lived in the 3rd century BCE. He was the chief librarian at the Library of Alexandria and made several important contributions to the fields of geography and cartography. Eratosthenes was the first to use the word “geography” and was renowned for his knowledge of the Earth and its geography. He calculated the circumference of the Earth with remarkable accuracy and also made important contributions to the field of astronomy. Eratosthenes’ works influenced the study of geography for many centuries and he remains an important figure in the history of geography.
Eratosthenes was born in Cyrene, a Greek colony in modern-day Libya, in 276 BCE. He was a well-educated individual, studying under the tutelage of the philosopher Ariston of Chios in Athens and Callimachus, the chief librarian at the Library of Alexandria. He went on to become the chief librarian at the Library of Alexandria himself, where he spent much of his life studying and researching.
Eratosthenes was a polymath, excelling in a variety of fields including mathematics, geography, astronomy, poetry, music theory, and sports. He calculated the circumference of the Earth by comparing the angle of the sun’s rays in Alexandria and Syene (now Aswan, Egypt) on the summer solstice. He calculated the Earth’s circumference to be 39,375 kilometers, which was only slightly off from the actual value of 40,075 kilometers.
He also created a map of the world, which was one of the first to show the continents of the world in a recognizable form. He calculated the tilt of the Earth’s axis, and he created a system for identifying geographical locations using latitude and longitude. Eratosthenes was a pioneer in the field of geography and his work laid the foundation for future generations of geographers and cartographers.
Throughout his life, Eratosthenes continued to make important contributions to the fields of geography, mathematics, and astronomy. He wrote several books and treatises, including a history of the world and a geographical dictionary. He passed away in 194 BCE, but his legacy lived on, as his work continued to influence scholars and researchers for centuries to come.
Eratosthenes was an accomplished polymath and is considered one of the greatest scholars of ancient Greece. He was born in Cyrene, Libya (modern-day Shahhat, Libya) around 276 BCE and lived until around 194 BCE. He is best known for his contribution to geography, cartography, and mathematics.
In geography, Eratosthenes is famous for being the first person to calculate the circumference of the Earth with remarkable accuracy. He did this by observing the sun’s shadow at the same time in Alexandria and Syene, and using the difference in the angles to calculate the Earth’s circumference.
Eratosthenes was also a cartographer and created a map of the world, which was considered the first scientific world map. He divided the Earth into five climate zones and placed the equator in the center of the map.
In mathematics, Eratosthenes was known for his sieve, a method for finding prime numbers, and for being one of the first people to calculate the value of pi (π) to two decimal places.
Overall, Eratosthenes’ major contributions to geography, cartography, and mathematics have had a lasting impact and continue to be studied and revered even today.
Other prominent geographers and their contributions are as follows:
| Name | Contribution |
| Ptolemy | Developed a system of longitude and latitude, and wrote the “Geographia” which was used as a reference for over 1,400 years. |
| Claudius Ptolemaeus | He proposed a geocentric model of the universe, which placed the Earth at the center and all other celestial bodies rotating around it. |
| Strabo | A Greek geographer who wrote a 17-volume work on geography, including descriptions of people and places from around the world. |
| Al-Idrisi | A Muslim geographer, cartographer, and traveler who produced a detailed map of the world and wrote the “Book of Roger.” |
| Matteo Ricci | An Italian Jesuit missionary who created the first accurate maps of China and contributed to the cultural exchange between China and the West. |
Note: This is not an exhaustive list, but just a few notable geographers who have made significant contributions to the field of geography.
Eratosthenes is considered the father of geography.
Eratosthenes lived in the 3rd century BCE.
Eratosthenes was a Greek mathematician, geographer, and astronomer.
Eratosthenes was the first to coin the phrase “geography” and made several important contributions to the field of geography and cartography. He also had a detailed understanding of the planet and determined the circumference of the globe.
Eratosthenes was the chief librarian at the Library of Alexandria.